Which array method is used to extract an array of matching members based on a condition?

The method used to extract an array of matching members based on a condition is "filter(criteria)." This method is specifically designed to iterate through an array and create a new array containing only those elements that meet the specified criteria.

When the filter method is called, it evaluates each element in the original array against the provided condition, and if the condition returns true for an element, that element is included in the new array. This makes it a powerful tool for selecting items that satisfy certain conditions, such as filtering out users above a certain age from a list or selecting only active items from a collection.

Using this approach enhances code readability and maintainability since it clearly conveys the intent of selecting matching elements based on specific criteria. Thus, "filter(criteria)" is the most appropriate choice for the described functionality.