What are the two main components of pattern-matching field validation?

The two main components of pattern-matching field validation are the optional input mask and regular expression. The optional input mask sets up a format for user input, helping to enforce a specific structure or pattern for the data being entered. This can include guiding the user on the expected format, such as requiring dashes in phone numbers or limiting the length of input fields.

The regular expression works alongside the input mask by providing a robust mechanism for validating the content of the input against a predefined pattern. Regular expressions are patterns that describe sets of strings, allowing for sophisticated validation scenarios such as checking for proper email formatting or ensuring that numeric fields only contain numbers.

Together, these components effectively manage and validate user input, ensuring that data adheres to specified criteria, which is critical in maintaining the integrity and quality of the data in applications.